Ultrasound-Guided Photoselective Vaporization of the Prostate

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a major cause of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) affecting aging men. Medical therapy for BPH includes alpha adrenergic blockers and 5α-reductase inhibitors. In men with moderate-severe LUTS due to BPH, surgical therapy should be considered for 1) those who failed medical therapy and/or 2) those with refractory urinary retention, renal insufficiency secondary to BPH, recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI's), or bladder stones. The gold standard for the surgical therapy of BPH has been transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). However, TURP is associated with significant comorbidities such as bleeding, prolonged catheterization, and absorptional hyponatremia. To minimize these problems associate with TURP, alternative minimally invasive treatment techniques have been developed. Two of the most commonly used treatment modalities include a photoselective laser vaporization of the prostate (GreenLight PVP) using the potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser and holmium laser enucleation of prostate (HoLEP). The major problem in all these minimally invasive treatment modalities is that they are generally associated with a higher retreatment rate. In addition, there is no intraoperative and objective measurement, other than a limited, transurethral visualization of the prostatic cavity, to assess the extent of the vaporization or enucleation. We propose to use the transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and a novel robot, the TRUS robot, to hold and manipulate the TRUS probe to monitor the extent of the vaporization or enucleation of the prostate gland intraoperatively. TRUS has been extensively used for the biopsy needle guidance during prostate biopsy. However, it has never been used during transurethral prostate procedure. The TRUS Robot has been used safely in the current clinical trial, NA\_00027540, Ultrasound-Guided Navigation in Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy. We would like to study the feasibility and safety of using TRUS and the TRUS Robot to monitor the minimally invasive treatment of BPH, such as GreenLight PVP.