Management and Outcomes Following Emergency Surgery for Traumatic Brain Injury

Primary aim: The primary aim of the study is to compare survival to discharge (or survival to 14 days post-operatively, whichever comes first) following emergency surgery for traumatic brain injury (TBI) across Human Development Index settings. Primary outcome measure: The primary outcome measure will be survival to discharge (or survival to 14 days post-operatively, whichever comes first) Primary comparison: Between country groups defined by human development index. Centre eligibility: Any hospital or clinic worldwide performing emergency surgery for traumatic brain injury is eligible to participate. Patient eligibility: All adult and paediatric patients admitted to the participating institution with a traumatic brain injury for which they receive emergency surgery during the selected 30-day inclusion period are eligible for inclusion in the study. Team: Individual hospital teams with up to four people, collecting data for 30 days. Time period: Local study teams may select any 30-day period from the 1st of November 2018 and the 31st of December 2019 to start their study. Patients operated on who meet the inclusion criteria between 00:01 on day 0 and 23:59 on day 30 of the selected study period will be included. Validation: We will employ a method of data validation in every centre that will give us a quantitative estimate of case ascertainment that is feasible even in low-resource centres.