Best Practice Alert for Opioid Prescribing

The investigators will embed a developed decision support tool into the electronic health record (EHR) to individualize pain therapy in surgical patients after hospital discharge and test its performance in a pragmatic clinical trial. Preliminary data indicate that current opioid prescription practice after surgery follows a "one size fits all" pattern. In-hospital opioid use prior to discharge serves as a reliable indicator to estimate needs for analgesic medications at home. The investigators will test the hypothesis that the existing tool will enable providers to write need-based prescriptions based on prior-to-discharge opioid use, empower patients to maximize alternatives to opioids (ALTO) therapies at home, while minimizing the need for rescue prescriptions. The investigators will test this tool prospectively in a cohort of \~1,000 providers (primary subjects) and \~39,000 surgical patients (secondary subjects) in four University of Colorado Health (UCHealth) hospitals (clusters to be exposed versus (vs.) non-exposed to the intervention).