Mechanism of SGLT2 Inhibition in the Kidney

The goal of this open-label, non-randomized clinical trial is to determine what effects, if any, an FDA-approved drug class known as SGLT2 inhibitors (Canagliflozin or INVOKANA) has any protective effects on kidney function in Type 2 diabetes. We are looking for participants 18-80 years of age, who have had a clinical diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes for ≥ 3 years. Participants will be asked to sign a consent and complete a screening visit prior to study entry including the following procedures for this study: Consent and Screening: * Laboratory tests to determine baseline health * Ultrasound to measure kidney size and ensure presence of 2 functioning kidneys Month 0: * Study entry kidney MRI (day 0) * Study entry kidney biopsy (within 30 days of MRI) * Study entry visit for dispensing 100 mg/daily Canagliflozin medication 3 month supply Month 3: * Study visit to dispense remaining 3 months of 100 mg/daily Canagliflozin medication * Review of systems Month 6: * Follow-up kidney MRI * Follow-up kidney biopsy Study participants will also be requested to provide blood and urine samples for biobanking purposes. They will also be provided the opportunity to provide a stool sample at two time points, as well as the option to participate in a related study collecting samples to create induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs). Participants will be compensated for their time and loss of work time, additionally, a nominal additional compensation for optional stool and iPSC samples.